ABSTRACT
Introduction: Sleep has become one of the most ignored factors today. More sleep or less sleep does not matter it is just compensated the next day. Importance of regular and timely sleep amongst the students and their correlation with blood pressure is necessary to be found out so that the students can be made aware of and can be provided treatment to prevent further complications. Method: Demographic profile was noted it includes name, age, gender, professional year of MBBS and residence. History of sleeping was noted and other factors which influences sleeping pattern (i.e, alcohol, smoking, an association of dreams with sleep, midnight awakenings with sleep, caffeine intake before bed and average stress levels) through a well-structured questionnaire. Blood pressures of all eligible students were recorded 3 times in a week at the same time by the principal investigator with the same instrument according to the JNC 7 classi-fication for hypertension. Results: Amongst all the medical students, 6% had systolic hypertension and 22.50% had diastolic hypertension. Comparing blood pressures according to sleeping patterns, amongst cases (less than 5 hours of sleep) 20.8% had systolic hypertension and 56.30% had diastolic hypertension. Whereas in controls (more than 5 hours of sleep) 1.40% had systolic hypertension and 11.90% had diastolic hypertension. Factors such as alcohol con-sumption, smoking, caffeine consumption before sleep, dreams, midnight awakenings and stress were found to be as-sociated with sleeping patterns and the results were found to be extremely significant (p<0.0001) statistically. Conclu-sion:Sleep duration of less than 5 hours was noted in 24% of the total population. The subjects with lesser number of sleeping hours had increased levels of blood pressure and a higher prevalence of hypertension. The average systolic blood pressure in subjects with less than 5 hours of sleep (cases) showed 48.50% pre-hypertensives and 20.80% hy-pertensives whereas in case of average diastolic blood pressure 18.50% were prehypertensive and 56.30% were hyper-tensive.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: School children majorly face stress due to the pressure and expectations from their parents besides aca-demics, athletics, etc. It is known that depression, stress increases blood pressure. Such wide variations in blood pres-sure at such a young age can increase the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents, ischemic heart diseases, renal failure and preterm death in the adulthood of such children. This survey will guide the parents and teachers to the various problems student face and how can they help the student cope with it. Method: The blood pressure of each student was taken three times to reduce them to minimise the possibility of errors and the blood pressures of all the students were compared according to their age (13-16 years) and the schooling type (boarders and day scholars). Results:On comparing the prehypertensive stage, the numbers of pre-hypertensives are found to be greater in the age group of 15 years in both day scholars and boarders i.e. 14% and 8% respectively. The on comparing the schooling type the day scholars have a greater number of prehypertensive i.e. 25% than boarders which is 17%. Though pre-hypertensives are higher in the age group of 15 years, but the numbers of hypertensives are more in 14 years of age which is 7% (6% in hypertension stage I and 1% in hypertension stage II) in day scholars and 4% (3% in hypertension stage I and 1% in hypertension stage II) in boarders. In schooling type, a similar trend as that of prehypertension is seen i.e. in day schol-ars 14% students are in hypertension stage I and 3% students are in hypertension stage II making a total of 17% of hypertensive in day scholars. Similarly, in boarders there are 6% in hypertension stage I and 1% in hypertension stage II making 7% hypertensive in boarders, thereby showing a higher percentage of hypertensive in day scholars. Conclu-sion: The study revealed Percentage of students in hypertension stage I and hypertension stage II were found more in day scholars (14% HT STAGE I and 3% HT STAGE II) than boarders (6%HT STAGE I and 1% HT STAGE II) re-spectively. Thus, it can be very well concluded that 17% of day school children and 7% boarders were found to be in hypertensive.